License: Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0)
When quoting this document, please refer to the following
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2021.7
URN: urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143604
URL: http://dagstuhl.sunsite.rwth-aachen.de/volltexte/2021/14360/
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Marchand, Bertrand ; Ponty, Yann ; Bulteau, Laurent

Tree Diet: Reducing the Treewidth to Unlock FPT Algorithms in RNA Bioinformatics

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LIPIcs-WABI-2021-7.pdf (2 MB)

Abstract

Hard graph problems are ubiquitous in Bioinformatics, inspiring the design of specialized Fixed-Parameter Tractable algorithms, many of which rely on a combination of tree-decomposition and dynamic programming. The time/space complexities of such approaches hinge critically on low values for the treewidth tw of the input graph. In order to extend their scope of applicability, we introduce the Tree-Diet problem, i.e. the removal of a minimal set of edges such that a given tree-decomposition can be slimmed down to a prescribed treewidth tw'. Our rationale is that the time gained thanks to a smaller treewidth in a parameterized algorithm compensates the extra post-processing needed to take deleted edges into account.
Our core result is an FPT dynamic programming algorithm for Tree-Diet, using 2^{O(tw)}n time and space. We complement this result with parameterized complexity lower-bounds for stronger variants (e.g., NP-hardness when tw' or tw-tw' is constant). We propose a prototype implementation for our approach which we apply on difficult instances of selected RNA-based problems: RNA design, sequence-structure alignment, and search of pseudoknotted RNAs in genomes, revealing very encouraging results. This work paves the way for a wider adoption of tree-decomposition-based algorithms in Bioinformatics.

BibTeX - Entry

@InProceedings{marchand_et_al:LIPIcs.WABI.2021.7,
  author =	{Marchand, Bertrand and Ponty, Yann and Bulteau, Laurent},
  title =	{{Tree Diet: Reducing the Treewidth to Unlock FPT Algorithms in RNA Bioinformatics}},
  booktitle =	{21st International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2021)},
  pages =	{7:1--7:23},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-200-6},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2021},
  volume =	{201},
  editor =	{Carbone, Alessandra and El-Kebir, Mohammed},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2021/14360},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-143604},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.WABI.2021.7},
  annote =	{Keywords: RNA, treewidth, FPT algorithms, RNA design, structure-sequence alignment}
}

Keywords: RNA, treewidth, FPT algorithms, RNA design, structure-sequence alignment
Collection: 21st International Workshop on Algorithms in Bioinformatics (WABI 2021)
Issue Date: 2021
Date of publication: 22.07.2021

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