License: Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license (CC BY 3.0)
When quoting this document, please refer to the following
DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.117
URN: urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62520
URL: http://dagstuhl.sunsite.rwth-aachen.de/volltexte/2016/6252/
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Praveen, M. ; Srivathsan, B.

Nesting Depth of Operators in Graph Database Queries: Expressiveness vs. Evaluation Complexity

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LIPIcs-ICALP-2016-117.pdf (0.5 MB)

Abstract

Designing query languages for graph structured data is an active field of research, where expressiveness and efficient algorithms for query evaluation are conflicting goals. To better handle dynamically changing data, recent work has been done on designing query languages that can compare values stored in the graph database, without hard coding the values in the query. The main idea is to allow variables in the query and bind the variables to values when evaluating the query. For query languages that bind variables only once, query evaluation is usually NP-complete. There are query languages that allow binding inside the scope of Kleene star operators, which can themselves be in the scope of bindings and so on. Uncontrolled nesting of binding and iteration within one another results in query evaluation being PSPACE-complete.

We define a way to syntactically control the nesting depth of iterated bindings, and study how this affects expressiveness and efficiency of query evaluation. The result is an infinite, syntactically defined hierarchy of expressions. We prove that the corresponding language hierarchy is strict.

Given an expression in the hierarchy, we prove that it is undecidable to check if there is a language equivalent expression at lower levels. We prove that evaluating a query based on an expression at level i can be done in level i of the polynomial time hierarchy. Satisfiability of quantified Boolean formulas can be reduced to query evaluation; we study the relationship between alternations in Boolean quantifiers and the depth of nesting of iterated bindings.

BibTeX - Entry

@InProceedings{praveen_et_al:LIPIcs:2016:6252,
  author =	{M. Praveen and B. Srivathsan},
  title =	{{Nesting Depth of Operators in Graph Database Queries: Expressiveness vs. Evaluation Complexity}},
  booktitle =	{43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)},
  pages =	{117:1--117:14},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-013-2},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2016},
  volume =	{55},
  editor =	{Ioannis Chatzigiannakis and Michael Mitzenmacher and Yuval Rabani and Davide Sangiorgi},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl--Leibniz-Zentrum fuer Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{http://drops.dagstuhl.de/opus/volltexte/2016/6252},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-62520},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.ICALP.2016.117},
  annote =	{Keywords: graphs with data, regular data path queries, expressiveness, query evaluation, complexity}
}

Keywords: graphs with data, regular data path queries, expressiveness, query evaluation, complexity
Collection: 43rd International Colloquium on Automata, Languages, and Programming (ICALP 2016)
Issue Date: 2016
Date of publication: 23.08.2016

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